Tous les contenus

How chain of custody for digital evidence works in US proceedings

How US federal and state courts treat chain of custody for digital evidence under FRE 901, FRE 902(14), FRCP 37(e), Lorraine v. Markel, NIST SP...

Digital evidence in French civil procedure: chain of integrity under article 1366 Code civil and eIDAS

Article 1366 Code Civil and the eIDAS Regulation give electronic writing legal force in French civil litigation. Practitioner guide to the chain of integrity.

ISO/IEC 27037: The International Standard for Digital Evidence

What ISO/IEC 27037 requires for identifying, collecting, acquiring and preserving digital evidence, and the DEFR and DES roles the standard defines.

WhatsApp evidence in court: 2026 guide to chats, screenshots and voice messages with legal value

Are WhatsApp messages admissible in court? What makes chat evidence valid, the common objections, and how to certify WhatsApp conversations with legal value.

eIDAS 2.0: 21 May 2026 deadline for remote digital seals

On 21 May 2026 the eIDAS 2.0 deadline for remote qualified signature and seal devices expires. Technical obligations for QTSPs and downstream businesses.

Italy’s deepfake law 132/2025: what changed after the Meloni case

Italy's law 132/2025 introduces a criminal offence for non-consensual AI deepfakes. What the law covers, the Meloni case, and how corporations should respond.

Virtual vehicle inspection: how certified photos prevent insurance fraud

Virtual vehicle inspections relying on uncertified photos are structurally vulnerable to AI manipulation. Learn how source-side certification protects insurers.

Trust by design: building SaaS products with verifiable integrity from the first line of code

Trust by design for SaaS: five architectural primitives for verifiable integrity, forensic audit trail and GDPR, NIS2, AI Act compliance in a single layer.

Deepfakes: what they are, how they work, and how to defend against them

What deepfakes are, how they are made, real fraud examples, and how to tell a manipulated video from an authentic one, plus source-certification defenses.

Digital evidence in Spanish civil procedure: cadena de custodia under article 326 LEC and eIDAS

How article 326 LEC, Ley 6/2020 and eIDAS shape digital-evidence admissibility in Spanish civil courts: presumption, chain of custody, QTSP integration.

PEC in court: legal weight, challenges and source-level certification

PEC probative value in court: what it proves, how it can be challenged, how to certify attachments at the source with forensic methodology and QTSP...

Short-Term Rental Documents: The Complete Guide for Hosts in 2026

Short-term rental documents hosts must collect, sign and archive: ID, contract, privacy, condition photos, AirCover and Booking claims.

Digital evidence in German civil procedure: chain of custody under § 371a ZPO and eIDAS

Verbatim explainer of § 371a ZPO, eIDAS Article 25, GoBD and Beweiskette: how digital evidence holds up in German civil and criminal courts.

How chain of custody for digital evidence works in UK proceedings

How chain of custody for digital evidence works under ACPO Principle 3, CPR Part 31 and Practice Direction 31B in UK courts and tribunals.

Image authentication for enterprises: the four levels that secure your visual assets

Enterprise image authentication explained: the four operational levels, when each is required, and how to embed them in document workflows beyond AI.

Voice cloning corporate fraud: the verifiable defense for CFOs after the Arup case

After the Arup 25.6M deepfake fraud, voice cloning targets corporate finance: the defense for CFOs with certified voice baseline and out-of-band rules.

Data integrity in the AI era: why source certification rewrites the paradigm

Classic data integrity falls short in the generative AI era. Source certification extends the guarantee to the moment data is born.

EU e-Evidence Regulation for Service Providers: Obligations, Orders, and Cross-Border Cooperation

PageFreezer vs TrueScreen: web archiving or forensic certification?

PageFreezer archives websites continuously for compliance. Forensic certification produces single pieces of evidence usable in court. How to choose.

The 5 best forensic web capture tools in 2026: honest comparison

How to choose forensic web capture software: what to look for to preserve web pages and online content as digital evidence with legal value.